Pydantic AI

What is Pydantic AI about?

Pydantic AI offers a FastAPI‑like developer experience for building generative‑AI applications. It leverages Pydantic’s validation layer to create agents that interact with LLMs, ensuring type‑safe inputs, outputs, and tool calls.

How to use Pydantic AI?

1. Install the package via pip: pip install pydantic-ai.
2. Define an Agent with the desired model identifier, system prompt, and (optionally) dependency and output types.
3. Register dynamic system prompts, tools, and validators using the @agent.system_prompt and @agent.tool decorators.
4. Run the agent synchronously with agent.run_sync(prompt) or asynchronously with await agent.run(prompt, deps=my_deps).
5. Access the validated result via result.output.

from pydantic_ai import Agent

agent = Agent(
    "google-gla:gemini-1.5-flash",
    system_prompt="Be concise, reply with one sentence.",
)

result = agent.run_sync('Where does "hello world" come from?')
print(result.output)

Key Features of Pydantic AI

• Model‑agnostic support for OpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini, Deepseek, Ollama, Groq, Cohere, Mistral, and extensibility for other providers.
• Pydantic Logfire integration for real‑time debugging and performance monitoring.
• Type‑safe static checking of inputs, outputs, and tool schemas.
• Dependency injection system enabling data/services to be passed into system prompts, tools, and validators.
• Structured responses validated against Pydantic models.
• Streaming outputs with incremental validation.
• Graph support through Pydantic Graph for complex workflow composition.
• Optional DI simplifies testing and eval‑driven development.

Use Cases of Pydantic AI

• Building customer‑support agents that access databases, compute risk scores, and take actions (e.g., block a card).
• Creating data‑extraction pipelines where LLMs return structured JSON validated by Pydantic.
• Developing multi‑step reasoning agents that call external tools (APIs, databases) during a conversation.
• Implementing internal tooling assistants that require strict type contracts for safety and auditability.
• Prototyping AI‑driven micro‑services with FastAPI‑style ergonomics.

FAQ from the Pydantic AI

Q: Do I need to use FastAPI with Pydantic AI? A: No. Pydantic AI is independent of any web framework; it can be used in scripts, background workers, or integrated into any Python service.

Q: How does dependency injection work? A: Define a dataclass representing your dependencies, pass it to the Agent via deps_type, and annotate functions with RunContext[YourDeps]. The context provides access to the injected objects during execution.

Q: Can I stream responses to a client? A: Yes. Use the streaming API (agent.run(..., stream=True)) to receive partial outputs as they are validated.

Q: Is the library compatible with LangChain or other agent frameworks? A: Pydantic AI can interoperate; you can wrap LangChain tools as Pydantic AI tools or use its output validation features alongside other frameworks.

Q: How do I add support for a new LLM provider? A: Implement a small adapter that conforms to the Model interface defined in the docs and register it via the configuration file.

Q: What Python versions are supported? A: The package follows the same compatibility as Pydantic v2, supporting Python 3.8 and newer.

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Documentation: ai.pydantic.dev

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Pydantic AI is a Python agent framework designed to make it less painful to build production grade applications with Generative AI.

FastAPI revolutionized web development by offering an innovative and ergonomic design, built on the foundation of Pydantic Validation.

Similarly, virtually every agent framework and LLM library in Python uses Pydantic Validation, yet when we began to use LLMs in Pydantic Logfire, we couldn't find anything that gave us the same feeling.

We built Pydantic AI with one simple aim: to bring that FastAPI feeling to GenAI app development.

Why use Pydantic AI

• Built by the Pydantic Team Built by the team behind Pydantic Validation (the validation layer of the OpenAI SDK, the Anthropic SDK, LangChain, LlamaIndex, AutoGPT, Transformers, CrewAI, Instructor and many more).

• Model-agnostic Supports OpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini, Deepseek, Ollama, Groq, Cohere, and Mistral, and there is a simple interface to implement support for other models.

• Pydantic Logfire Integration Seamlessly integrates with Pydantic Logfire for real-time debugging, performance monitoring, and behavior tracking of your LLM-powered applications.

• Type-safe Designed to make type checking as powerful and informative as possible for you.

• Python-centric Design Leverages Python's familiar control flow and agent composition to build your AI-driven projects, making it easy to apply standard Python best practices you'd use in any other (non-AI) project.

• Structured Responses Harnesses the power of Pydantic Validation to validate and structure model outputs, ensuring responses are consistent across runs.

• Dependency Injection System Offers an optional dependency injection system to provide data and services to your agent's system prompts, tools and output validators. This is useful for testing and eval-driven iterative development.

• Streamed Responses Provides the ability to stream LLM outputs continuously, with immediate validation, ensuring rapid and accurate outputs.

• Graph Support Pydantic Graph provides a powerful way to define graphs using typing hints, this is useful in complex applications where standard control flow can degrade to spaghetti code.

Hello World Example

Here's a minimal example of Pydantic AI:

from pydantic_ai import Agent

# Define a very simple agent including the model to use, you can also set the model when running the agent.
agent = Agent(
    'google-gla:gemini-1.5-flash',
    # Register a static system prompt using a keyword argument to the agent.
    # For more complex dynamically-generated system prompts, see the example below.
    system_prompt='Be concise, reply with one sentence.',
)

# Run the agent synchronously, conducting a conversation with the LLM.
# Here the exchange should be very short: Pydantic AI will send the system prompt and the user query to the LLM,
# the model will return a text response. See below for a more complex run.
result = agent.run_sync('Where does "hello world" come from?')
print(result.output)
"""
The first known use of "hello, world" was in a 1974 textbook about the C programming language.
"""

(This example is complete, it can be run "as is")

Not very interesting yet, but we can easily add "tools", dynamic system prompts, and structured responses to build more powerful agents.

Tools & Dependency Injection Example

Here is a concise example using Pydantic AI to build a support agent for a bank:

(Better documented example in the docs)

from dataclasses import dataclass

from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from pydantic_ai import Agent, RunContext

from bank_database import DatabaseConn


# SupportDependencies is used to pass data, connections, and logic into the model that will be needed when running
# system prompt and tool functions. Dependency injection provides a type-safe way to customise the behavior of your agents.
@dataclass
class SupportDependencies:
    customer_id: int
    db: DatabaseConn


# This pydantic model defines the structure of the output returned by the agent.
class SupportOutput(BaseModel):
    support_advice: str = Field(description='Advice returned to the customer')
    block_card: bool = Field(description="Whether to block the customer's card")
    risk: int = Field(description='Risk level of query', ge=0, le=10)


# This agent will act as first-tier support in a bank.
# Agents are generic in the type of dependencies they accept and the type of output they return.
# In this case, the support agent has type `Agent[SupportDependencies, SupportOutput]`.
support_agent = Agent(
    'openai:gpt-4o',
    deps_type=SupportDependencies,
    # The response from the agent will, be guaranteed to be a SupportOutput,
    # if validation fails the agent is prompted to try again.
    output_type=SupportOutput,
    system_prompt=(
        'You are a support agent in our bank, give the '
        'customer support and judge the risk level of their query.'
    ),
)


# Dynamic system prompts can make use of dependency injection.
# Dependencies are carried via the `RunContext` argument, which is parameterized with the `deps_type` from above.
# If the type annotation here is wrong, static type checkers will catch it.
@support_agent.system_prompt
async def add_customer_name(ctx: RunContext[SupportDependencies]) -> str:
    customer_name = await ctx.deps.db.customer_name(id=ctx.deps.customer_id)
    return f"The customer's name is {customer_name!r}"


# `tool` let you register functions which the LLM may call while responding to a user.
# Again, dependencies are carried via `RunContext`, any other arguments become the tool schema passed to the LLM.
# Pydantic is used to validate these arguments, and errors are passed back to the LLM so it can retry.
@support_agent.tool
async def customer_balance(
        ctx: RunContext[SupportDependencies], include_pending: bool
) -> float:
    """Returns the customer's current account balance."""
    # The docstring of a tool is also passed to the LLM as the description of the tool.
    # Parameter descriptions are extracted from the docstring and added to the parameter schema sent to the LLM.
    balance = await ctx.deps.db.customer_balance(
        id=ctx.deps.customer_id,
        include_pending=include_pending,
    )
    return balance


...  # In a real use case, you'd add more tools and a longer system prompt


async def main():
    deps = SupportDependencies(customer_id=123, db=DatabaseConn())
    # Run the agent asynchronously, conducting a conversation with the LLM until a final response is reached.
    # Even in this fairly simple case, the agent will exchange multiple messages with the LLM as tools are called to retrieve an output.
    result = await support_agent.run('What is my balance?', deps=deps)
    # The `result.output` will be validated with Pydantic to guarantee it is a `SupportOutput`. Since the agent is generic,
    # it'll also be typed as a `SupportOutput` to aid with static type checking.
    print(result.output)
    """
    support_advice='Hello John, your current account balance, including pending transactions, is $123.45.' block_card=False risk=1
    """

    result = await support_agent.run('I just lost my card!', deps=deps)
    print(result.output)
    """
    support_advice="I'm sorry to hear that, John. We are temporarily blocking your card to prevent unauthorized transactions." block_card=True risk=8
    """

Next Steps

To try Pydantic AI yourself, follow the instructions in the examples.

Read the docs to learn more about building applications with Pydantic AI.

Read the API Reference to understand Pydantic AI's interface.